During the last centuries, humans have transformed global ecosystems. With their temporal
dimension,herbaria provide the otherwise scarce long-termdata crucial for trackingecological and

In a pollen supplementation experiment, fruit or seed production by flowers exposed to natural pollination is compared to that following hand pollination either by pollen supplementation (i.e.

The first two decades of the twenty-first century have seen a rapid rise in the mobilization of digital biodiversity data.

Functional traits are increasingly used to understand the ecology of plants and to predict their responses to global changes. Unfortunately, trait data are unavailable for the majority of plant species.

Ulmus americana (American elm) was an important urban tree in North America prior to the introduction of the Dutch elm disease pathogen in 1930. Subsequently, urban and community forests were devastated by the loss of large canopies.

Access and benefit-sharing (ABS) refers to the way in which genetic resources
may be accessed, and how the benefits that result from their use are shared
between the people or countries using the resources (users) and the people or

Plant breeders require genetic diversity to develop cultivars that are productive, nutritious,

Cycads are the most endangered of plant groups based on IUCN Red List assessments; all are in Appendix I or II of CITES, about 40% are within biodiversity ‘hotspots,’ and the call for action to improve their protection is longstanding.

Plant exploration provides the horticulture industry, public gardens, the scientific community, arboreta - and ultimately the public - with more diverse and hardier germplasm that increases the breadth of plants available for research and landscape use.

Recognition of the importance of biodiversity for global food security and the community food sustainability movement has helped increase awareness of seed rights.