Trees grow with, and adjust to, large lateral and vertical loads caused by wind and gravity. Storms with strong winds and ice can push trees beyond their ability to reconfigure or fall back to reduce drag. Exceeding tree structural ice and wind load...

As the pace of urban development increases, urban green spaces, and urban trees in particular, come in direct conflict with bulldozers and backhoes. With careful early planning and an understanding of how tree damage occurs, strategies for tree...