With increased intensification in cities throughout the world, urban trees are often at risk of becoming damaged by construction impacts, such as utility trenching or pavement / sidewalk repair.

Tree planting can help communities achieve many resiliency goals such as cooling heat islands, reducing stormwater floods, and building neighborhood cohesion.

Six elements are required in small amounts for the growth and development of plants. These are referred to as micronutrients: iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), and boron (B).

Needlecast and needle blight are terms applied to a variety of foliage disorders of many coniferous species. These diseases are usually more severe on young trees or on trees growing outside of their natural range.

The Earth's climate is changing.

Sonic tomography, or the use of sound waves to detect decay in trees, is a relatively new technology available to arborists.

Thousands of trees are struck by lightning every year. These trees will have varying degrees of damage ranging from complete shattering and destruction of the tree, to a slow lingering death, to virtually no apparent damage at all (Figure 1).

An ever-growing, international body of research points to many human health and wellness benefits that result from nearby nature experiences. But what about trees?

Conifers are commonly planted in North America to provide year-round screening, as windbreaks or as focal trees in the landscape.

Island systems are among the most vulnerable to climate change, which is predicted to induce shifts in temperature, rainfall and/or sea levels.