Business model innovation has seen a recent surge in academic research and business practice. Changes to business models are recognized as a fundamental approach to realize innovations for sustainability.

For the purposes of this study, we have broadly categorised the results of the activities of botanic gardens into economic, social and environmental impacts.

Bellevue Botanical Garden Society has generously provided samples of artist/performer agreements for one-time events and annual events sponsored by thier partner group (updated annually). 

Demand for food and beverages that are locally grown and made, organic, and nutritious has been on the rise in recent years, and many public gardens are recognizing the interest in and need for programming about these topics.